Australian Healthcare Policy-Key Features-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the key Policy Challenges for the Australian Health Care System in the Present day. Answer: Australian Healthcare Policy Key Features and Challenges The Australian medicinal services framework is considered as the framework related with superior and improved social insurance results (Collier, 2013). The Australian human services framework is essentially founded on the example of private financing and the general social insurance subsidizing is significantly embraced by the corporate part and related offices. The directly actualized social insurance strategy in Australia takes into account the restricted medicinal services necessities of the people of different age bunches who experience raised access to the human services offices. Australian human services shows advocate the prerequisite of giving the entrance to essential medicinal services administrations to the qualified up-and-comers (Collier, 2013). Notwithstanding, the Australian medicinal services approaches don't accentuate the usage of additional measures for managing human services administrations to the rustic networks situated in the remote Australian areas. The Austr alian social insurance strategy underscores the prerequisite of giving open medicinal services administrations to the individuals of different age bunches dependent on their clinical necessities and individualized human services difficulties (Collier, 2013). The best test looked by the human services experts as far as actualizing the Australian medicinal services strategy shows credits to the end of social insurance boundaries and assistance of the job of cutting edge nurture specialists for successfully modifying the medicinal services intercessions as per the individualized difficulties and treatment necessities of the patient populace (Sayers DiGiacomo, 2010). Australian medicinal services strategy shows advocate the prerequisite of a powerful reconciliation of the essential social insurance offices with the target of diminishing the example of event of constant sickness conditions over the network condition (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). The Australian Primary medicinal services arrangements direct the provincial social insurance communities regarding undertaking human services arranging and changes in the financing approaches for the efficient improvement in the human services results. Australian Health Insurance Act sanctioned on 1973 built up an arranged human services structure sorted and supported correspondingly by the neighborhood, state and national governments (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). The central government gave medicinal services financing well beyond the scope of open clinics and takes into account the necessities of associated social insurance with the usage of refunds accessible as far as exp ense for-administration. The nearby and state governments stay responsible for the successful subsidizing of the network human services intercessions for the patient populace. These legislative organizations likewise take some money related award from the national government for achieving the organization of complex social insurance mediations in different network based medicinal services settings (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). The HACC (Home and Community Care) program is managed through the coordinated effort of the domain and national governments with the goal of keeping up the essential medicinal services bolster structure (Davies, Perkins, McDonald, Williams, 2009). This program successfully centers around the efficient organization of local social insurance intercessions, nursing administrations, day care mediations for the geriatric populace and the impaired adolescents over their private areas. The significant test looked by the Australian social insurance framework ascribes to the efficient coordination of essential and optional human services benefits over the network condition (Smith, 2012). Without a doubt, the absence of organized financing by the bureaucratic and nearby governments, the organization of optional social insurance mediations demonstrates testing that correspondingly impacts the wellbeing results. The wrong division of subsidizing between the state and governments makes various difficulties as far as giving progression of social insurance administrations to qualified patients across clinical settings (Smith, 2012). The regional and the state governments in Australia stay responsible for the organization of kid and maternal social insurance intercessions, dental administrations just as mental mediations in general society and private human services offices. The absence of government subsidizing for these specific mediations diminishes the extent of their o rganization to the ruined and oppressed segments of the Australian culture (Smith, 2012). This profoundly prompts different difficulties in the fair organization of these administrations in the human services settings. This further diminishes the responsibility of the social insurance framework as far as achieving the medicinal services necessities of the Australian people group independent of their areas and budgetary limits. The national government in Australia takes the responsibility of giving network based social insurance administrations to the older populace in all the Australian states, barring Victoria and Western Australia (Smith, 2012). Resultantly, the number of inhabitants in these rejected areas endures the example of treatment predisposition and their individualized medicinal services prerequisites stay unattended by the Australian social insurance framework. Australian wellbeing strategy advancement, execution and assessment forms The Australian medicinal services strategy is created in a way for upgrading the aptitudes and capabilities of the social insurance specialists with regards to rehearsing wellbeing advancement shows justified for the orderly improvement in wellbeing and health results of different Australian people group (Leeuw, Clavier, Breton, 2014). The Australian human services strategy is designed with the center target of improving patient results through the orderly improvement in different social insurance spaces. The social insurance strategy means to execute and improve its drives over the whole areas of the Australian government. The E4H strategy structure embraced and executed by the Australian State of Victoria advocates the necessity of arranging MPHPs (Municipal Public Health Plans) with the goal of mulling over the ecological and social wellbeing determinants for the orderly improvement in the patient results (Leeuw, Clavier, Breton, 2014). This human services strategy aids the advanc ement of financial, regular and social conditions through proof based measures with regards to tweaking the medicinal services approaches as per the treatment just as care prerequisites of the patients of different age gatherings (Leeuw, Clavier, Breton, 2014). This strategy further incorporates the human services plans actualized by different civil wellbeing gatherings while viably outperforming the medicinal services hindrances ascribing to the social and money related limitations experienced by the patient populace. This medicinal services strategy likewise advocates the prerequisite of between sectoral coordinated effort while thinking about the social and monetary determinants of wellbeing and health over the network condition (Leeuw, Clavier, Breton, 2014). This state social insurance strategy is adequately bolstered by different partners just as the Department of Human Services. The Australian government methodicallly uses different human services strategy switches with the target of settling the emotional wellness and wellbeing of the individuals of different age gatherings (Grace, et al., 2015). Australian psychological well-being strategy is actualized through the organization of populace based human services intercessions alongside the safeguarding of the carer just as the shopper rights. In any case, because of the entrance assortment of assessment by the central government prompts the foundation of monetary lopsidedness that conceivably challenges the orderly organization of mental medicinal services intercessions by the state and regional social insurance offices (Grace, et al., 2015). Since, these neighborhood medicinal services offices don't gain major money related help by the government, the financial deficiency makes various difficulties for them in regulating unreasonable mental social insurance administrations to the qualified applicants. Nonet heless, the Australian psychological well-being strategy (established in 2008-2013) endeavored to redo the psychological human services prerequisites of the patients while correspondingly supporting the impartial organization of medicinal services administrations to all segments of the Australian Society (Grace, et al., 2015). The improvement in the human services announcing and accreditation measures and upgrade of the workforce understandings aided the organization of normalized social insurance intercessions to the native Australians (Grace, et al., 2015). The advancement of joint and collective shows and shared understandings between the different government and medicinal services organizations has aided the continuous exchange of the patient to the clinical offices as per the treatment necessities and social insurance needs (Grace, et al., 2015). In any case, major administrative changes in the Australian medicinal services strategy are as yet required for improving the nature of patients care with regards to diminishing the length of their stay in the emergency clinic setting just as the upgrade in the social insurance results. The assessment forms obtained for the orderly checking of the Australian medicinal services strategy intercessions center around the occasional evaluation of the social insurance groups, wellbeing wards and results just as the key partners and the degree of their investment embraced for the improvement of the health results of the patients populace (Hinchcliff, et al., 2012). The intensive evaluation of the Australian social insurance strategy and shows warrants the nearby cooperation between specialists, medicinal services experts, quality improvement groups just as he

October Sky Essays - American People Of German Descent, Laura Dern

October Sky I should put stock in the unfortunate ones? On the off chance that I don't I'd likely go crazy.(Laura Dern, October Sky) This could seemingly be the most significant line in the whole film, as I would see it. This instructor perceives the potential in each understudy, not just the ones with noticeable capacity. This, I would trust, would be the objective of each instructor. Instructors have the best blessing on the planet - the capacity to help shape an understudy's life. Perceived and acknowledged the person can utilize that to introduce a universe of chances to the individuals who might not have had any. This was valid in October Sky; the Rocket Boys were from a little bombing mining network, where little desires were set on them and even less open doors were accessible. At the point when Dern's character was blamed for giving the young men bogus expectations she held her grounds and kept on supporting the young men. This to me is a case of an extraordinary instructor, one who will keep on doing what the person in question believes is correct whether or not it gains her the dissatisfaction with the remainder of the staff. The film October Sky gives a positive portrayal of an educator. She is a good example, a companion, a wellspring of data, a protector, and a contender. She is depicted as caring, understanding, and exceptionally advantageous in keeping the understudies coordinated toward their objectives. This would appear to state that educators need these characteristics so as to completely identify with their understudies. An instructor can not exclusively be there for enlightening needs, however should likewise remain behind her understudies and be set up to shield their privileges to find themselves. An educator ought to be set up to perceive concealed potential; it is in pretty much every understudy. This is a troublesome assignment, particularly if the understudy additionally brings incredible misfortune, be that as it may, it isn't incomprehensible; Dern's character understood this. Each educator will have an understudy in their homeroom with concealed capacity; in spite of the understudy's opportunities for enormity, the incredible instructor will be estimated by her capacity to see the potential inside that understudy.

Buy, Borrow, Bypass Novels about the Voynich Manuscript

Buy, Borrow, Bypass Novels about the Voynich Manuscript I only learned about the Voynich Manuscript a few months ago but I have been obsessed ever since. Sometimes described as the most mysterious book in the world, the Voynich Manuscript could be a 15th century coded book containing all sorts of important secrets about the world. It could also be a complex hoax perpetrated by a rare book dealer. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, scholars and the curious have studied and speculated about this odd, beautiful book. It resembles an herbal text in some places, an alchemy text in others, and a religious text in still others.  A century of scholarship hasnt really resolved any of these questions and nobody has ever deciphered it. There are many novels  that use the Voynich Manuscript as a major plot device. However, before you start in on those novels, youll need to pick up your very own reproduction of the book. Yale University Press published a gorgeous, full-color facsimile of the manuscript last year. Deborah Harkness (!) wrote the introduction to the book and it  includes essays and commentary from noted scholars in a variety of fields. If youre not ready to invest in this version, you can also view the entire manuscript for free online. Once youve got your bearings, or at least have a sense of the manuscripts content, youll be ready for the novels on this list. The Book of Blood and Shadow by  Robin Wasserman is the girl-power, YA-Da Vinici Code  you need in your life. Nora, the slightly awkward but whip smart teen girl at the center of this novel, manages to do the impossible: she    decodes the Voynich Manuscript. Once she does, she unlocks the secrets of an ancient religious order. Her race to avert catastrophe, and clear her boyfriend of a murder charge, takes her from a quaint New England college town to Pragues ancient religious sites. This book has a delicious blend of religion and myth, several languages (Latin, Greek, French, and Czech), secret codes and riddles, secret societies, and brilliant teenagers who know more than they ever should. Verdict: Buy this book if youre ready for a YA-spin on Dan Browns work (and how could you not be?). Datura, or a Delusion We All See by Leena Krohn, translated from the Finnish by    J. Robert Tupasela and Anna Volmari.  I may have identified a little too much with the unnamed narrator of this slim volume. She works as an editor, writer, and fixer for a magazine that features the worlds odd, surreal, and implausible phenomenon. The book follows her slow descent into what?  Not madness, exactly, but something like it. As she starts ingesting Datura seeds and writing an article about the Voynich Manuscript her grip on reality becomes more tenuous. Along the way, she crosses paths with all sorts of odd characters, including a man obsessed with coincidences and another with silent sound. She also begins to question the nature of reality, history, and life itself. Verdict: Borrow  this Kafkaesque  book on the mysteries we all inhabit without always realizing it. Codex by Lev Grossman was inspired by the Voynich Manyscript but doesnt actually discuss it in any detail. I  had really high hopes for Codex when I started it  after all, Grossman wrote the beloved  Magicians Trilogy but was disappointed. The narrator is a sort of smarmy, 25-year old investment banker about to move  London. During a  two week vacation leading up to  the move, he takes on the work of cataloging the private library of a wealthy family. This leads him to a mysterious book that reveals secrets about the familys lineage. Solving the manuscripts mystery requires him to work with a young graduate student in medieval literature, obsessively play an underground video game, and cope with an existential crisis. Although I was generally interested in the plot, this novel just didnt land for me. The narrator comments on the appearance  and sexual availability of every woman he meets, no matter how minor the interaction. It got grating after a while. Verdict: Bypass this dated book that was inspired by, but isnt really about, the Voynich Manuscript.

Hamlet, By William Shakespeare - 1907 Words

â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman!† (1.2. 150). This controversial line, followed by several more from the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, displays a widespread view towards women that portrays them as being weak and contingent towards men. Throughout the play, two women, Ophelia and Gertrude, are shown to be dependent on the men in their lives. They both take on a foolish obedient state of mind. Even though they share this common characteristic, Ophelia and Gertrude are very different characters. Ophelia is a beautiful, young woman who is the love interest of the protagonist, Hamlet. Ophelia obeys her father, Polonius, without hesitation and has little experience with making her own decisions. Gertrude was the wife of Old Hamlet, and is†¦show more content†¦Early literature was â€Å"mostly men who composed these works and male critics who vouched for their greatness† (Gardiner 395). Early works of literature typically portrayed the society that was around them. In general, women did not have freedom to do as they chose. They were to listen to the men and do as they were told. The typical culture in a patriarchal society viewed women as objects and not as independent individuals. In Hamlet, Ophelia and Gertrude were merely accessories to the men and served in aiding to the plot. Ophelia grew up relying on the men in her life to tell her what to do. She followed the direction from her father and brother even if it meant hurting her beloved Hamlet. Act 1 was the first time Ophelia’s obedience was displayed. Her brother Laertes, and her father Polonius told her to stay away from Hamlet. With very few words of persuasion she replied with, â€Å"I shall obey, my lord† (1.3. 145). Ophelia demonstrated no capability of expressing her desires or the motivation to survive on her own. It was not her fault that she behaved in this way because women in her society were not supposed to rely on themselves. â€Å"Ophelia is not only misunderstood by the men in her life, but grossly underestimated by them† (Rooks 477). Ophelia had the potential to think on her own and choose

Battle of Makin in World War II

The Battle of Makin was fought November 20-24, 1943, during World War II (1939-1945). With the end of the fighting on Guadalcanal, Allied forces began planning for a march across the Pacific. Selecting the Gilbert Islands as the first target, planning moved forward for landings on several islands including Tarawa and Makin Atoll. Moving forward in November 1943, American troops landed on the island and succeeded in overwhelming the Japanese garrison. Though the landing force sustained relatively light casualties, the cost of taking Makin increased when the escort carrier USS Liscome Bay was torpedoed and lost with 644 of its crew. Background On December 10, 1941, three days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces occupied Makin Atoll in the Gilbert Islands. Meeting no resistance, they secured the atoll and commenced construction of a seaplane base on the main island of Butaritari. Due to its location, Makin was well positioned for such an installation as it would extend Japanese reconnaissance abilities closer to American-held islands. Construction progressed over the next nine months and Makins small garrison remained largely ignored by Allied forces. This changed on August 17, 1942, when the Butaritari came under attack from Colonel Evans Carlsons 2nd Marine Raider Battalion (Map). Landing from two submarines, Carlsons 211-man force killed 83 of Makins garrison and destroyed the islands installations before withdrawing. In the wake of the attack, the Japanese leadership made moves to reinforce the Gilbert Islands. This saw the arrival on Makin of a company from the 5th Special Base Force and the construction of more formidable defenses. Overseen by Lieutenant (j.g.) Seizo Ishikawa, the garrison numbered around 800 men of which about half were combat personnel. Working through the next two months, the seaplane base was completed as were anti-tank ditches towards the eastern and western ends of Butaritari. Within the perimeter defined by the ditches, numerous strong points were established and coastal defense guns mounted (Map). Allied Planning Having won the Battle of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands, the Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz desired to make a thrust into the central Pacific. Lacking the resources to strike directly at the Marshall Islands in the heart of the Japanese defenses, he instead began making plans for attacks in the Gilberts. These would be the opening steps of an island hopping strategy to advance towards Japan. Another advantage of campaigning in the Gilberts was the islands were within range of U.S. Army Air Forces B-24 Liberators based in the Ellice Islands. On July 20, plans for invasions of Tarawa, Abemama, and Nauru were approved under the code name Operation Galvanic (Map). As planning for the campaign moved forward, Major General Ralph C. Smiths 27th Infantry Division received orders to prepare for the invasion of Nauru. In September, these orders were changed as Nimitz grew concerned about being able to provide the needed naval and air support at Nauru. As such, the 27ths objective was changed to Makin. To take the atoll, Smith planned two sets of landings on Butaritari. The first waves would land at Red Beach on the islands western end with the hope of drawing the garrison in that direction. This effort would be followed a short time later by landings at Yellow Beach to the east. It was Smiths plan that the Yellow Beach forces could destroy the Japanese by attacking their rear (Map). Battle of Makin Conflict: World War II (1939-1945)Dates: November 20-23, 1943Forces Commanders:AlliesMajor General Ralph C. SmithRear Admiral Richmond K. Turner6,470 menJapaneseLieutenant (j.g.) Seizo Ishikawa400 soldiers, 400 Korean laborersCasualties:Japanese: approx. 395 killedAllies: 66 killed, 185 wounded/injured Allied Forces Arrive Departing Pearl Harbor on November 10, Smiths division was carried on the attack transports USS Neville, USS Leonard Wood, USS Calvert, USS Pierce, and USS Alcyone. These sailed as part of Rear Admiral Richmond K. Turners Task Force 52 which included the escort carriers USS Coral Sea, USS Liscome Bay, and USS Corregidor. Three days later, USAAF B-24s commenced attacks on Makin flying from bases in the Ellice Islands. As Turners task force arrived in the area, the bombers were joined by FM-1 Wildcats, SBD Dauntlesses, and TBF Avengers flying from the carriers. At 8:30 AM on November 20, Smiths men commenced their landings on Red Beach with forces centered on the 165th Infantry Regiment. M3 Stuart light tanks on Makin, November, 1943. US Army Fighting for the Island Meeting little resistance, American troops quickly pressed inland. Though encountering a few snipers, these efforts failed to draw Ishikawas men from their defenses as planned. Approximately two hours later, the first troops approached Yellow Beach and soon came under fire from Japanese forces. While some came ashore without issue, other landing craft grounded offshore forcing their occupants to wade 250 yards to reach the beach. Led by the 165ths 2nd Battalion and supported by M3 Stuart light tanks from the 193rd Tank Battalion, the Yellow Beach forces began engaging the islands defenders. Unwilling to emerge from their defenses, the Japanese forced Smiths men to systematically reduce the islands strong points one by one over the next two days. USS Liscome Bay (CVE-56), September 1943. Public Domain Aftermath On the morning of November 23, Smith reported that Makin had been cleared and secured. In the fighting, his ground forces sustained 66 killed and 185 wounded/injured while inflicting around 395 killed on the Japanese. A relatively smooth operation, the invasion of Makin proved far less costly than the battle on Tarawa which occurred over the same time span. The victory at Makin lost a bit of its luster on November 24 when Liscome Bay was torpedoed by I-175. Striking a supply of bombs, the torpedo caused the ship to explode and killed 644 sailors. These deaths, plus casualties from a turret fire on USS Mississippi (BB-41), caused U.S. Navy losses to total 697 killed and 291 wounded.

Having a Healthy Life Free Essays

Health is the optimal aim that every person is looking for. However, having a healthy life is not easy. Researchers believe that more than half of disease is linked to individual’s behaviors (Ryan ; Sawin, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Having a Healthy Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now People can reduce the probability of being sick or living with chronic symptoms by engaging in health behavior and controlling their desires and habits (Ryan ; Sawin, 2009). From this perspective and by reviewing a ten years peer-reviewed published papers, Ryan, a post-doctoral student, was thinking of developing a theory that assists individuals to reach a sustainable change in their unhealthy behaviors.Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change (ITHBC) is an example of descriptive midrange theories that concentrate on practice. In contrast, grand theories are more generalized and not focused on practical section (Ryan ; Sawin, 2009). ITHBC is compiled from multi concepts from deferent theories. For instance, the theory of reason Action which focus on intention, health belief model, and social cognitive theory that consider environmental factors to impact behavior change (Ryan ; Sawin, 2009). ITHBC is a patient-centered intervention that is more effective than standardized interventions in facilitating health behavior change.ITHBC assumed that behavior change is a repeated, changeable theory. Also, it is mandatory to have a desire and to be motivated by behavioral change. In addition, self-evaluation maintains progress and social support influences individual’s desire. The theory has a short-term outcome which is engagement in healthy behavior, and it has a long-term outcome which is health improvement (Ryan Sawin, 2009)The Primary constructs of ITHBC are knowledge and beliefs, self-regulation skills and abilities, and social facilitation. All the three components assist to emerge in a behavior of self-management which is the proximal outcome in order to reach the distal outcome which is good health status. Knowledge and beliefs construct is composed of behavior-specific knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy and goal congruence. The construct of self-regulation skills and abilities comprises the processes of decision-making, planning for and engaging in specific behaviors, self-monitoring and reflective thinking, self-evaluation, goal setting, and the management of physical, emotional, and cognitive responses associated with health behavioral change. Social facilitation contains the concepts of social support, social influence and active collaboration related to health outcomes among individuals, relatives and health practitioners (Ryan Sawin, 2009). The study of testing the Integrated Theory of Health Behavioral Change for postpartum weight management aimed to investigate the relationship between the constructs of the ITHBC and how they influence weight self-management of women after giving a birth. (Ryan et al., 2011). The sample size was 250 postpartum women. Only 179 women completed the follow-up questionnaire and they were, African American, Latina, and White women, and they were classified based on their weight into normal weight, overweight, and obese.The strength of this paper is by giving a view of weight self-management after having a baby requiring active engagement and management. Further, The THBC is a good tool in framing weight self-management in the context of health behavior self-management, and it supports the impact of race on weight self-management. In contrast, the weak points are the study constructs need a tool to measure the components of the theory for postpartum weight management. In addition, it did not test the whole theory constructs like the distal outcome. How to cite Having a Healthy Life, Papers

Strategic Management Retail and Civil Aviation Industry

Question: Descibe about strategic sanagement on retail and civil aviation industry? Answer: Executive summary Internationalization is rapidly increasing in various parts of the world, and this has given wide range of benefits to many industries. It is helpful in expanding their business in other country. There are many countries that have flexible international trade policies, which have helped in free trade practices in many countries. This report has discussed the retail and civil aviation industry, which are the major industries of New Zealand, and has create wide opportunities for various companies to expand their business in global market. Introduction In this portfolio, the globalization extent in the area of global retailing and the manufacturing of civil aero engine is the main statement of discussion (Chomsky 2001). The CAGE distance, PESTEL, as well as Yips driver theory will be applied in order to support the discussion (Chomsky 2001). Moreover, there are various firms working in the two industries that will be illustrated in the discussion. CEAM will be sued for demonstrating the international retailing. In the other industry of civil aero manufacturing, GE Aviation will be applied for exemplifying (Chomsky 2001). When the firms try to keep their development in the economic competitive environment, they should try to plan. This plan is actually not integrated with the conditions, which implies the companys competence in the lying outside opportunities (Grossman and Helpman 2005). These factors also try to guide the internal resources management in order to operate in cooperation with various actions of management (Grossman and Helpman 2005). The main purpose is to seek the values of the customers, select the correct strategy for business for improving the companys competitive advantage and to make the benefits sustainable (Grossman and Helpman 2005). Its the corporate strategy, which relates to the perception for long term for the managers in order to formulate the strategic decisions in order to take actions for changing the position of the company. Moreover, strategic management is considered as the way to catch the opportunities lying in the complicated environment, avoiding the risk in order to face the threats occurring in external environment for raising the strength and hiding the weakness (Grossman and Helpman 2005). Beside these, implementing the strategies and reviewing the performance will be undertaken. Finally, it will help the companies to make the profits and to hold the sustainable competitive benefits, expansion of market share (Grossman and Helpman 2005). Strategic groups competing with each other The industry of aerospace cover up the companies and authorities, which are involved in the manufacturing, operations, as well as maintenance of the aircraft, aircraft equipments and engines (Halliday 2000). There are various civil aviation stakeholders like governments, which includes federal aviation administration, New Zealand Civil aviation authority and administration (Halliday 2000). Other stakeholder is airlines, maintenance repairing organizations such as New Zealand Aircraft engineering company; manufacturers such as Airbus, Boeing, and Rolls Royce, and the last one is owners of private aircraft (Halliday 2000). The industry of aviation could be divided in various strategic groups that include the huge scope for the business. There are various other strategic groups like, CFM International, Pratt Whitney, Rolls Royce, as well as General Electric; these are the international top civil aero engine manufacturers, which has same business models as well as similar strategic combination (Halliday 2000). PESTLE Trends for GR CAEM In the year 2009, the total sales in New Zealand top supermarkets were around 575.6 billion, along with the CAGR that was 15.6% between the years 2006-2009. Its noted that total outlets of supermarkets was 23814 (Hawken, Lovins and Lovins 1999). The supermarkets that are foreign funded entered in New Zealand in the year 2004, when the government tried to lift the restrictions from the overseas market entry in the retail industry (Hawken, Lovins and Lovins 1999). In the year 2009, the total overseas funded supermarkets cover up RT-Mart, Carrefour, and Wal-Mart that recorded the sales of 175.71 billion that has around 785 stores. Its noted that around 31 local supermarkets had the sales of 391.3 billion from around 23004 stores (Hawken, Lovins and Lovins 1999). In the sector of civil aviation, as per the forecast done by the New Zealand Aviation industry corporation, it was noted that there will an increase of 4583 aero planes for civilian in the coming 20 years. Its evident that New Zealand commercial aero plane market is also expanding (Hawken, Lovins and Lovins 1999). By the coming 2030, the share of the country in the international aircraft fleet will get increase from 9% to around 15%. Along with this, the jet market business holds the wide increased capacity in the international industry (Amore 1998). In the coming period, the New Zealand is still not able to produce the commercial aero engine for their jet business. Its noted that every civil aero engines are actually imported from the overseas market. The main players in this market are: Rolls Royce, Pratt Whitney, GE, as well as CFM International (Amore 1998). Impact on internationalization on retail and civil aviation industries In the civil aviation industry, the first globalization sign has emerged as the new availability of the market, which faces the limited possibilities of expanding at their home, and its noted that firms that were involved in the management of airport will try to seek the expansion of business (Amore 1998). They even appeared with many companies that lie outside the business of airport, and are interested in make use of opportunities in order to become the international player in the airport industry (Amore 1998). They even achieved the success, as they hold the ability to become global players. The New Zealand retail industry is actually not considered as the most prestigious industry and therefore, it is not sanctioned similar to the state owned infrastructure along with the sector of heavy industry (Ashford and Moore 1999). Its evident that local government of the country will try to upgrade the image of the city through closing down the wet street markets. As New Zealand economy is growing, they are exploring quality goods, services, as well as good brand names (Ashford and Moore 1999). The retailers that are funded from foreign market could easily fulfill the expectations of younger generations. Ghemawats Cage framework In order to support the client for understanding the variation in the market of China and New Zealand for the purpose of formulating the strategies, Ghemawats CAGE Distance Framework could be applied that identifies the Administrative, Cultural, Economic, as well as Geographic differences as well as distance among the two countries (Bauman 2002). The differences in society and culture like values and religions are significant factors, which impact the firms while entering in global markets (Bauman 2002). The traditional religion of China is the Buddhism, where else, New Zealand follows the Catholicism and Christianity. Companies from both the countries conduct their business in different ways. In the traditional Chinese societies, relationships or contacts are based on the kinship as well as local networks, mainly within the retail industry (Bauman 2002). English is considered as the national language in New Zealand, where else in China, Mandarin is the popular language; these variations impacts on high end industry of civil aviation in comparison to retail industry (Bauman 2002). Ghemawat has mentioned that political barriers will remain under the pictures for internationalization of their operations. New Zealand has adopted the close door policies, and the liberalization in the country has lead towards the political climate, which is less restrictive. Accession in New Zealand by the World Trade Organization is considered as the significant milestone for economy of the country (Button and Taylor 2000). After becoming part of World Trade organization, New Zealand has started reforming the trading liberalize rights through reducing the tariff barriers, enhancing the goods and service access in the market, minimization of traffic rates and protecting the intellectual rights of property (Button and Taylor 2000). Although the government of the country has put its best efforts in order to promote the rules of laws, lack of transparency, systemic as well as endemic corruption, inconsistent regulations and laws, weak intellectual property, unreliable legal system are still the barriers for the business profitability in New Zealand (Button and Taylor 2000). The state level involvement within the economy by the huge state owned enterprises remain as the high distortions within the market along with protectionist measures for the domestic as well as state enterprises for impeding the fair competition and trade (Button and Taylor 2000). After the financial crisis, its noted that there is a phenomenon that various private owned business are acquired through the state owned firms due to the reduction in liquidity (Button and Taylor 2000). The time zone of China is right hours, which is ahead of London and the flying time of the country is between the two capitals, which is around ten hours. In China, the ongoing structural reforms such as export and investment growth have resulted in the yearly GDP growth rate, which is around 10% from the last 4 years (Doganis 2001). Sustainable growth has minimize the poverty and supported in creating the high demand for the consumer goods as well as air travel that supports in generating the opportunity for business in the retail and the aviation industry (Doganis 2001). George Yips drivers of internationalization Compare drivers of internationalization in both industries The retail industry is not actually referred as the prestigious industry by the government of New Zealand, and therefore its not sanctioned through the heavy industry sector as well as state owned infrastructure (Hanlon 2007). Local government of the country will try to upgrade the image of the city through closing the street wet markets. As the New Zealand economy is growing rapidly, they are looking for the better quality products, services, along with better brand name (Hanlon 2007). Retailers that are funded from overseas market try to fulfill the expectations of the young generation (Friedman 2005). After understanding the New Zealand macro environment, CR and CEAM will try to formulate the market strategy of the country (Hanlon 2007). Its evident that the industry of civil aviation has the highest rank in the market internationalization, due to its end users in various countries, which have the similar requirements for their products and the customers and try to search for the complete suppliers in global market (Button and McDougal 2006). The key players within the civil aero engine are the General Electric, CFM International, Pratt Whitney, as well as Rolls Royce. Its evident that competitive internationalization drivers are at high (Button and McDougal 2006). Its also evident that cost globalization drivers in the industry of aero engines rank high, due to the high cost development as well as having the single national market, which is enough for paying back the investment (Button and McDougal 2006). Driving internationalization in GR CAEM The entry of the big global players in the New Zealand in the present years has depicted that New Zealand is the current gold rush for the international companies, which try to expand their market share (Button and McDougal 2006). The international grocery retailing industry is noted to be one of the various business sectors, which has tried to come in China in order to make most out of the many consumers who avail products and services. CAEM continues to carry with the strategy of expansion through relying over the local distributors, who has tried to supervise the product delivery to the stores from the regional stores (Button and McDougal 2006). The company thinks that the flexibility is considered as the major priority mainly while operating in the new market (Hart 1975). The development cost is lesser, as the company is not able to build their network through the stores by considering the issues related to the service uniformity and the check quality controls (Button and Taylor 2000). Why these industries internationalize / nature and extent of internationalization George Yip has proposed the drivers model for the growth of global strategy between the corporate companies. They have introduced the four key category drivers, which are referred as the key for determining the globalization extent in the specific industry (Button and Taylor 2000). These are: drivers of cost globalization, market globalization, competitive globalization, along with the government globalization drivers (Levine 2002). A company that tries to exhibit these above mentioned drivers as being part of the local in terms of nature, or conversely the firm having the high number of drivers that become global in terms of operations and outlook (Button and Taylor 2000). These drivers are not considered as stand-alone, however, due to the fact it tries to create influence on the cycle, which ultimately determines the corporate readiness of the organization to join in the rank of international companies (Button and Vega 2007). Otherwise, its stated that these globalization drivers are actually governed through four various factors like economic and political considerations, technology, politics and legislation, and the social and demographic considerations (Button and Vega 2007). Countries that have beneficial combination of various drivers as possible are preferred in international industry. Due to the high globalization tendency, various retail companies are starting with the possibility to expand their business in having the bigger customer base (Button and Vega 2007). Conclusion Its noted from the research that through globalization, economic interdependence in the countries has increased with the enhancement in volume as well as cross border transaction in goods and services. Internationalization has powerful political, economic, social, as well as cultural dimensions. The research has discussed about GE and CAEM companies that are working in area of retail and civil aviation. References Amore, M. 1998. New airport, new opportunities, Marketing and Commercial Strategy Handbook. ACI-Europe. Ashford, N. and Moore, C. 1999. Airport Finance. Loughborough Airport Consultancy. Bauman, Y. 2002. Globalizarea i efectele ei sociale. Editura Antet. London: British Airways, Global Scenarios. London: British Airways. Button, K. and Taylor, S. 2000. International air transportation and economic development. Journal on Air Transport management, 6, pp. 1-12. Button, K.J. and McDougal, G. 2006. Institutional and structural changes in air navigation service providing organizations. Journal of Air Traffic Management, 12(5), pp. 236-252. Button, K.J. and Taylor, S.Y. 2000. International air transport and economic development. Journal of Air Transport Management, 6(4), pp. 209222. Button, K.J. and Vega, H. 2007. The uses of the temporal-fares-offered curve in air transportation. Journal of the Transportation Research Forum, 46(2), pp. 83-100. Chomsky, N. 2001. Chomsky and Globalisation. Cambridge: Icon Books Ltd. Chomsky, N., 2002. Understanding Power: The Indispensible Chomsky. New York: Vintage. Doganis, R. 2001. The Airline Business on the Twenty-first Century. Routledge Friedman, T.L. 2005. The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Grossman, G. and Helpman, E. 2005. Outsourcing in a Global Economy. The Review of Economic Studies, 71(2), pp.135-159. Halliday, F. 2000. Globalisation and its Discontents. Irish Studies in International Affairs, 11(1), pp.233-245. Hanlon, P. 2007. Global Airlines. Competition in a transnational industry, Third Edition. Sage Hart, R.A. 1975. Interregional economic migration: some theoretical considerations (Part I). Journal of Regional Science, 15 (2), pp. 127-138 Hawken, P., Lovins, A. and Lovins, H. 1999. Can Capitalism Go Natural? A Review of Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution. New York: Little, Brown and Company. Levine, M.E. 2002. Price discrimination without market power. Yale Journal on Regulation, 19(1), pp. 1- 36.

Destiny Danielle Waters Multicultural Perspectives Essays (1014 words)

Destiny Danielle Waters Multicultural Perspectives Professor Oropall April 2018 Book Report I chose to read A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan American writer born in Afghanistan in 1965. Khaled grew up during the time of bloody communist war while the Soviet Army invaded his country which is why I believe he ' s based his first and second book in the 1960 ' s to the 2000 ' s as a parallel to his own life. While reading this immensely detailed book, I learned that the Afghani community is very heavily sexist as evident by the way Rasheed treats Mariam, Laila and her daughter Aziza. Rasheed has the mindset that a woman ' s only role is to do household chores, pamper and take care of the man of the house and produce baby boys. Granted the time era of the book is the early sixties into the new millennium, but I was very aware of the fact that Rasheed ' s mentality and understanding of a woman ' s place in the home was the mentality of many men- even in todays day and age. When I first read A Thousand Splendid Suns, it was most definitely a culture shock to me because I really only knew the inner workings of the hispanic culture I come from. It was hard to read and realize that the mistreatment of women and young girls is so very prevalent in Afghanistan and countries like that one as well as the fact it is so widely accepted in their culture. My knowledge of the Taliban and organizations of the like is very limited but I was able to relate back to what I learned in high school with relevance to how the justice system works in strikingly different ways for women and men. For example, men have the right to divorce, beat and/or kill their wives for literally anything they see fit and the death of the woman would be blamed on her own actions even if she was to say, be defending herself from her own abusive husband on the verge of killing a young girl. I was surprised at the amount of words I did not understand because Khaled included many words in farsi alongside the rest of the english words. Mainly it was a surprise because there was not much of an explanation of what the words meant but I feel as though that helped to really get any reader, including myself, deeply immersed into the bookend the culture he was trying to have us understand. I would not necessarily say that my belief system was challenged but that is only because I believe in energies and karma. So in all honesty reading this from that perceptive and not from a heavily religious eye allowed me to be open and nonjudgemental of the things that were presented in all aspects of the literature. However I was in awe at how much detail he provided in relation to the more disturbing parts of the book because many times authors just skip over those parts because they may make the reader uncomfortable and that may not always be received well by critics and readers alike. In a way, I did gain a bit of a better und erstanding of skills one and two because there are many examples of how the skill can be related to. I was able to see how the Afghani culture was indeed a very intricate multi level one and the relationships demonstrated clearly how it was very different from my own future. I appreciated being able to learn so much from this book alone and it was great way to interpret skill one since I could see how even the communication varied so much from American mainstream culture. When it comes to skill two, I could see exactly how some of the barriers played a large part in the Afghani culture. For example, stress and discrimination were very prominent in the part of the book about Mariam and her life as well with Laila and Aziza since Rasheed was explicitly discriminatory toward his wives for not being able to have kids (Mariam) and for having a

Stalin Essay (Josif Vissarionovich Djugashvili).

Stalin Essay (Josif Vissarionovich Djugashvili). Josif Vissarionovich Djugashvili.Stalin is an important person in world history because he was the one that killed millions of people in Russia. Josif changed his last name from Djugashvili to Stalin because it meant "man of steel". He became dictator of Russia in 1929 after being appointed Secretary General of the Communist Party in 1922. Stalin didn't like some of the army officers that were part of the Russian army. Stalin changed Russia forever.Stalin was born as Josif Vissarionovich Djugashvili in Georgia, a region in the Caucasus Mountains in 1879. He was born into a poor family with his father making shoes. He married his first wife named Ekaterina Svanidze in 1904 and had a son named Jacob. She later died of tuberculosis in 1907. In 1918, he married his second wife, Nadezhda Alliluyeva. They had a son named Vasily and a daughter named Svetlana. She committed suicide in 1932.Beria's letter to PolitburoHe died in1953 of a brain hemorrhage.Stalin had a very bad method of rule/le adership. He began the Five Year Plans in 1928 which harmed the country, but it was good in the long run. In 1934, Stalin began a widespread campaign of arrests also known as The Great Purges. Stalin used these purges to take control of the Soviet society. During this time, the Communist Party falsely accused millions of Soviet citizens of committing crimes against the government. They were arrested the by Stalin's secret police (NKVD). They were arrested, imprisoned, tortured, and shot therefore, millions of people died. The purges finally ended in 1938.Even thought Stalin did very bad things during his reign in Russia, he did Russia some good. Stalin industrialized Russia by bringing agriculture under government control. The state set all prices and controlled access to farm supply. The Soviet Union...

Do you believe that we should all aim to be better global citizens Essay

Do you believe that we should all aim to be better global citizens - Essay Example By extension, one needs to examine how feasible the arguments for or against world citizenship are. Perhaps there is no better way of defining global citizenship than to adopt the viewpoint expressed by Thomas Paine when he said â€Å"My country is the world, and my religion is to do good† (Chumbley & Zonneveld 61). The world has advanced in more ways than one. It is for this same reason that the concept of global citizenship has become rampant; as widely acceptable as it is widely rejected. The same reason applies to the belief people have about globalization. The world, overtime, has been divided into countries. Although some of these countries and their people have certain features in common, they are not totally the same. These differences that mark them apart are many other peoples of the world. For instance, countries in the world are commonly classified into developed, developing and under-developed. This is just one of the main divisions. The basis upon which countries of the world are sub-divided is their social and economic standing, among others. However, the essence of being world citizens is to share responsibilities. Since some parts of the world seem to be experiencing little or no progress, while others are progressing rapidly. The advanced countries of the world find it imperative to unite under a number of organizations to ensure that the under-developed and developing nations of the world measure up to what they are supposed to be in the comity of nations. All these happen because in the long run or in the short run, the advancement or backwardness of one nation would affect other nations of the world (Jacobson 27). Nonetheless, one must not fail to mention that not only the developed nation have a responsibility to bear, the people from advancing and under-developed economies of the world also have roles to play. In spite of the different points of view people have about global citizenship, there are certain beliefs that are true. One of such beliefs is that it is not legal for anyone to state that they are global citizens because there is no document that formally stipulates such. This is in spite of the existence of such a body as the United Nations. Yet facts that accrue reveal that there are basis upon which one can safely assume that many of the peoples of the world are indeed global in their citizenship, automatically. One of facts is represented by the internet. Virtually everyone in the world is connected via the internet. This connectivity is so potent that when an incident happens in one part of the world, everyone knows about and is affected in one way or the other. Yet despite the advancement of global citizenry via the internet, there is still a whole lot to be done. For instance, some people in the world know little or nothing about the internet. So, if the condition for being a global citizen is having a presence on the internet, it can only mean that some people in the world will, by design, be d isqualified. Nonetheless, this does not cancel out the benefits of being a citizen of the global community. There are obviously many ways of being a global citizen. Some persons would even believe that once anyone is born into any family in any country on planet earth, such a person automatically becomes a global citizen. This is based on the assumption that since the family is a smaller constituent of a

Kolbs cyclical learning theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kolbs cyclical learning theory - Assignment Example In the entire session, I was actively involved in varied chronological ideas with the major one involving lab analysis. Throughout the sessions, it was evident that more and more results were acquired, and each time the results differed. This was identified after each individual clearly demonstrated their results. Concrete experimentation consists of varied activities that can range from field works to lab sessions. In this sessions, everyone is committed to gaining the best results; a reason for having many correct answers for a similar question. Attaining different although acceptable lab results raised a lot of questions with most of them associated with credibility of the entire lab process. Although, I had numerous doubts, I decided to try and understand the results and the causes that resulted into the above facts. On putting more efforts and repeating the process several times, it became evident that these results would always vary, but accurate calculations using the data for each individual would provide similar results. This ensured that if the same lab sessions were repeated or rather taken in similar circumstances, but different periods, it was possible to anticipate the following results or actions. The reflective observation has instances when a learner concentrates and reflects on the experiences that occurred in the prior stage. Understanding the general principle in which the entire lab session, results and the analysis occurred proved incredibly challenging.

Embracing Ict In Nigerian Secondary Schools Education Essay

Embracing Ict In Nigerian Secondary Schools Education Essay Aim: The aim of this literature review is to describe the current state of ICT development in Nigerian Secondary Schools, discuss the problems of ICT development in Nigerian Secondary Schools, suggest possible solutions and highlight the importance of embracing ICT in education in Nigerian Secondary Schools. Introduction: The Federal Republic of Nigeria is a country located in the western part of the African Continent with an approximate land mass of 923,768.00 sq kilometres, lying between Latitude 40 140 North of the Equator, Longitude 30 and 140 East of the Greenwich meridian bordered on the west with the Republic of Benin, on the north with the Republic of Niger and on the east with the Federal Republic of Cameroun. The topic of ICT integration into the Nigerian economy is very crucial however , for the purpose of this literature review the importance of integrating ICT into Nigerias Secondary School Environment will be discussed. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) involves the use of all forms of Computer, Communications, Software ,Network and Mobile Technologies to process, maintain and mediate information. Communication Technologies include all media such as; Cable,Satellite, Fibre Optics, Wireless (radio, Infrared,Bluetooth,wi-fi) employed in transmitting audio,video,data or multimedia. Network Technologies include Personal Area Networks (PAN), Campus Area Networks (CAN), Intranets, Extranets, Local Area Networks (LAN),Wide Area Networks(WAN),Metropolitan Area Networks(MAN) and the Internet. Computer Technologies include all removable media such as optical disks, disks, flash memories, video books, multi-media projectors, interactive electronic boards, and continuously emerging state-of-the art PCs. Mobile Technologies comprise Mobile Phones, PDAs, Palmtops etc.(Illoanusi,O.N., Osuagwu,C.C. 2005).ICTs have become part of our very existence as a matter of fact, it affects all of human activities . Over the years, ICTs have created significant impact on the way we live. Significant improvements and developments have occurred in various fields as a result of ICT integration to those fields. The field of education is not excluded as ICTs have undoubtedly affected learning, teaching and research methods.(Yusuf 2005) cited by (Adomi, A.E., Kpangban,E. 2010).The impact of ICT on education has improved educational standards in developed economies, however this impact is still to be felt in developing economies such as Nigeria. Current Situation of ICT development in Nigerian Secondary Schools ICT in education involves embracing major components of ICT to enhance teaching and learning methodologies in institutions of learning.Presently,the integration of ICT in Nigerian Secondary Schools is minimal.In 1988,in an attempt to keep pace with development in computer education ,Nigeria enacted a policy on computer education. According to Okebukola(1997) the plan was to implement this innovation first to some selected federal government colleges and thereafter spread this innovation to other secondary schools and later to primary schools, unfortunately this project was never successful as intended because beyond the distribution and installation of computers in federal government colleges this project never took off ground.(Aduwa-Ogiegbaen, S.E. , Iyamu,E.O.S. 2005). The Federal Republic of Nigeria has no specific policy on ICT in education.The Ministry of Education created its ICT department in February 2007 more so, several government agencies and other stakeholders in the private sectors have initiated ICT-driven projects and programmes to impact all levels of the educational sectors.(Agyeman,O.T. 2007).At School level,the use of ICT aided instructional materials is minimal or rather not encouraging.This could be attributed to the fact that majority of Nigerian Secondary School teachers do not see the importance of improving their professional practice using ICT and are consequentially, less eager to adopt the use ICT in their teaching practice. If however the secondary teachers in Nigeria perceive the importance of integrating ICT in teaching methods they are more likely to embrace the use of ICT in their professional practice. A study which investigated teachers self efficacy in implementing computer education in Nigerian Secondary Schools found that most teachers in Federal Government Colleges in Nigeria lack experience in the use of computers for educational or industrial purposes ,most teachers in Federal Government Colleges cannot use common computer software because they lack knowledge of basic computer operations.(Yusuf 2005) cited by Ololube,N.P (2006).Students on the other hand are embracing ICT however not in the right manner .Nigerian Secondary School Students are yet to maximise the benefits of the internet in research and learning. This is evident in the use of Internet by these students who stay long hours on the internet chatting on social networking sites such as facebook and yahoo messenger. Problems of ICT development in Nigerian Secondary Schools Various factors are responsible for the problems of ICT development in Nigerian Secondary Schools. Nevertheless, the most significant amongst these factors are; Lack of adequate ICT infrastructure, Low percentage of teachers with ICT skills, Absence of National policy on ICT in education ,Low access to the Internet and Cost of acquiring ICT facilities where available. Lack of adequate ICT infrastructure in Nigeria seems a major issue. Though the International Telecommunication Union(ITU) has rated Nigerias Telecommunication Sector as the fastest growing in Africa, majority of Nigerians still have inadequate access to the Internet.(Aduwa-Ogiegbaen,S.E Iyamu,E.O.S 2005).Information,data,audio,video and multimedia are meant to be transmitted on reliable networks supported by adequate ICT Infrastructures unfortunately, these infrastructures are lacking in most Nigerian Secondary Schools. Inadequate funding and lack of technology budget exacerbate the problems of ICT infrastructures (Illoanusi,O.N Osuagwu,C.C 2005).Moreover ICT equipments were made to function with other infrastructures such as electricity (Aduwa-Ogiegbaen,S.E Iyamu,E.O.S 2005) the irregular and unstable supply of electricity in Nigeria poses a major difficulty in the proper functioning of ICT equipments even when they are acquired .There are recorded cases of electrical home appliance s damaged due to lack electrical power supply over period of months. The absence of electric power grids in most parts of the country even where adequate telecommunication facilities are available contribute to the irregular power supply.(Agyeman, O.T 2007). The percentage of Nigerian Secondary School Teachers with basic computer skills is low compared to their counterparts in developed economies.Nigerian Secondary School teachers attach little importance to IT literacy .Consequently,the use of ICT aids in teaching is minimal.Additionally there is widespread ignorance and misconception about ICTs among Nigerians (Ighoroye and Ajayi. n.d) cited by (Adomi,E.E., Kpangban,E. 2010).Secondary School teachers in Nigeria need to be trained on educational technologies and the importance of integrating computers into classroom teaching.(Aduwa-Ogiegbaen,S.E., Iyamu,E.O.S. 2005). Presently,there is no existing National Policy on ICT in education. Although the Nigerian Federal Government policy in 1988 introduced computer education in high schools(Okebukola 1997) cited by (Adomi,E.E, Kpangban,E. 2010).This policy was not successful as the only implementation was distributing computers to Federal Government High Schools which were never used for computer education of the students (Adomi,E.E, Kpangban,E. 2010).The Nigerian Federal Government have on several occasions revealed plans to integrate ICTs into school systems and provide infrastructure to schools,yet actions are still to be taken on these plans. In 2001,Nigeria started implementing its ICT policy which led to the establishment of the National Information and Technology Development Agency(NITDA) the purpose of establishing NITDA was to help Nigeria become an ICT capable country in Africa and a major player in the information society by 2005.This vision is yet to be fulfilled even few years after the set time for achieving this vision.(Agyeman,O.T.,2007) Major development of ICT in education depends largely on access to the adequate ICT infrastructures especially the internet.Access to computer equipment,internet and other accessories in most Nigerian Secondary Schools is low.(Agyeman,O.T. 2007).Underfunding and inadequate financial capacities lead to this problem. Irregular electricity supply exacerbates this problem. The availability of computers in few Nigerian Secondary Schools located in urban areas is in the ratio of 5 computers to 1 student on the contrary,the case in rural areas is absolutely not encouraging. Some rural areas still face total absence of power supply. Secondary Schools in Nigeria are not adequately funded to provide furniture, requisite books,laboratories and adequate classrooms let alone being given adequate funds for computers and internet connectivity.(Aduwa-Ogiegbaen,S.E, Iyamu E.O.S. 2005). The High cost of acquiring ICT facilities even when they are available cannot be overlooked. The cost of purchasing computers in Nigeria is high not so many can afford it. Moreover, monthly internet rates are exorbitant and the charges are unaffordable for most people in Nigeria consequently,it is difficult for secondary schools to acquire and install ICT facilities for the use of teachers and students (Adomi,E.E., Kpangban,E. 2001).Additionally,the high cost of computers still make most secondary schools unable to acquire these facilities. Suggested Solutions to ICT development problems in Nigerian Secondary Schools The integration of ICT in education in Nigerian Secondary Schools will produce sustainable development in the secondary school system..However,if the effort to integrate ICT into Nigerian Secondary Schools will be successful then it is pertinent that the Nigerian Government ensure ICT policy statements in education are translated into reality. Furthermore, the Federal Ministry of Power and Mines should work towards stabilising electricity power supply in Nigeria(Adomi, E.E., Kpangban,E., 2010).Additionally, stakeholders in Nigerian ICT industry must help spread the knowledge and usage of ICT amongst Nigerian Secondary School Teachers and students in the best way possible. The Federal Ministry of Science and Technology most importantly must ensure the NigComSat-1R which is meant to be a replacement of the failed NigComSat1 and the SAT3 submarine cable is delivered as scheduled in the fourth quarter of 2011 as this will immensely reduce telecommunication and internet connection rates. Adequate funding and budgets for ICT integration in secondary schools should also be made possible by the Federal Ministry of Education. The Importance of Embracing ICT in Education in Nigerian Secondary Schools ICT integration in Nigerian Secondary Schools system will gradually transform the quality of the Nigerian Secondary Educational System (Osuagwu,C.C., Illoanusi,O.N., 2009).The successful integration of ICT in Nigerian Secondary Schools will enhance teaching, learning and research methods moreover, significant development in Nigerias secondary educational system will occur. There is no doubt that teachers and students in secondary schools in Nigeria will have incredible resources at their disposal with reliable access to the internet.(Aduwa-Ogiegbaen,S.E., Iyamu,E.O.S., 2005). Conclusion There is no doubt what significant improvement successful ICT integration will bring in the Nigerian Secondary Educational System however the Nigerian Government must make adequate efforts to implement National policies on ICT in education, stabilizing electrical power supply,and provide adequate funding to secondary schools for the acquisition of ICT facilities if this goal of Integrating ICT in Nigerian Secondary Education System will become a reality.

Free Catcher in the Rye Essays: Manic-Depressive Holden :: free essay writer

Manic-Depressive Behavior Exhibited in The Catcher in the Rye  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, portrays Holden Cawfield a New York City teenager in the 1950's as a manic-depressive. Holden's depression starts with the death of his brother, Allie . Holden is expelled from numerous schools due to his poor academics which are brought on by his depression.   Manic depression, compulsive lying, and immaturity throughout the novel characterize Holden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Events in Holden's life lead him to become depressed. Holden's depression centers on Allie. The manner that Holden sees himself and how he sees others leads him to be expelled from school. The speaker expresses, "One thing about packing depressed me a little," (51). Holden expresses these feelings when he packs his bags after being notified that he is expelled.   Holden leaves school and heads for New York City, where he finds himself to be more lonely and depressed than ever. He is all alone and he laments, " What I really felt like doing was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out of the window," (104). Holden says this while he is all alone in his motel room. He is too ashamed of himself to return home, he knows that his mother will be upset and his father will be angry with him. He also adds that " I wasn’t feeling sleepy or anything, but I was feeling sort of lousy. Depressed and all, I almost wished I was dead," (90). Ho lden states this during one of the first nights that he is staying in New York.   Holden expresses many thoughts of depression.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Compulsive lying is another characteristic that   Holden exhibits. Holden would tell people lies just so they could not become closer to the real Holden. Holden tells lies on numerous occasions to gain.   Holden pathetically tells Mrs. Morrow, " I have to have a tiny operation†¦ it isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on my brain" (58). She tells Holden that she is very sorry and she is hopeful that he shall be well soon. Holden then catches him self in a lie and he remarkes, "Once I get started, I can go on for hours if I feel like it," (58). This compulsive lying shows that Holden is not satisfied with himself and that he feels that people will judge him critically.

In Gothic texts, women are either hopelessly submissive or significantly absent Essay

The novel Frankenstein is dominated with male characters amidst female characters often being used to fill minor roles. For a female character to be ‘hopelessly submissive’ we would expect the character was pre-determined to be passive with no chance of progressing from the ‘submissive’ role. However in Frankenstein we see female character such a Elizabeth Lavenza stand alone at points even when other are against her for example the persecution of Justine Moritz. The term ‘significantly absent’ implies the female to be absent in order to teach a lesson or convey a message, to have some primary objective. Within Frankenstein this is true in relation to Caroline who dies yet the absence is significant within the plot and Mary Shelley’s authorial message. In regards to women being ‘significantly absent’ we see the character of Margaret Saville, Robert Walton’s sister, follow this idea. Within the opening letters of the frame narrative of ‘Frankenstein’ we are made aware of ‘dear Margaret’ being the recipient of Roberts’s letters informing the reader of his whereabouts. We never hear from Margaret herself yet we know she’s disapproves of Robert’s excursion, Shelley intentionally provides the views of Margaret second handily; whatever we know about her is conveyed through Roberts writings. Throughout the novel any mention of women comes from either Robert or Victor and the reader is never made aware of the thoughts and feelings of the women directly and therefore a gender bias is apparent. The absence of a female narration also reflects the male dominance present at the time the novel was written mirroring the submissive woman. Similarly Elizabeth Lavenza, an orphan adopted by the Frankenstein’s, can also be seen as submissive due her passive role. Elizabeth is objectified from the moment we are introduced to her; she is presented as property of victor when described as a ‘pretty present’ for victor to play with. Here Mary Shelley is making a point of the unfair treatment of women and their objectification. Elizabeth represents a character much like Shelley herself she is aids the poor, respects all classes and supports Justine when wrongly accused. In this sense Elizabeth is neither ‘hopelessly submissive’ nor ‘significantly absent’ instead she expresses individualism in her actions which can be admired by the reader and run unconventional in the genre of gothic novels. Victor’s mother, Caroline Frankenstein, can be seen as both ‘hopelessly submissive’ and ‘significantly absent.’ After dying of ‘scarlet fever’ victor is absent of a mother figure and it may be questioned if this is an element of his disintegration of character. After bringing the monster to life Victor dreams he dreams he ‘held the corpse’ of his ‘dead mother’ creating some disturbance and upholding the genre of the gothic. In this case victors ‘absent’ mother is affecting him mentally and this can be seen as Shelley showing the power of females which is overlooked by men. Caroline can be related to the feminist theory of ‘the angel in the house.’ The angel in the house refers to a maternal, domestic female seen as an idealisation for men. Caroline is often portrayed as a weak vulnerable woman with a ‘soft and benevolent mind’ and therefore fits into the ‘submissiveâ⠂¬â„¢ female character. After her death it seems the ‘angel of the house’ is then shifted to Elizabeth who takes over the role of the mother and is devoted to the family becoming the maternal figure herself. The statement reduces the women within gothic novels to just two roles ‘hopelessly submissive’ or ‘significantly absent’ and therefore is very limiting towards the female characters of gothic novels. Although the women in Frankenstein do display these roles these are just two of many. We see both Margaret and Caroline to be significantly absent and Elizabeth is often submissive within her place in the family prior to Caroline’s death. However all the female characters within Frankenstein, other than Margaret (she is the only one to remain significantly absent throughout) display many more elements within their characters. Consequently when considering this statement in the light of the female characters in Frankenstein it fails to account for other character roles and therefore is only partially valid when applying to Frankenstein.

Biography of Kublai Khan, Ruler of Mongolia and China

Kublai Khan (September 23, 1215–February 18, 1294) was a Mongol emperor who founded the Yuan Dynasty in China. He was the most famous grandson of the great conqueror Genghis Khan, expanding his grandfathers empire and ruling the vast territory. He was the first non-Han emperor to conquer all of China. Fast Fact: Kublai Khan Known For:  Mongol Emperor, conqueror of southern China, founder of the Yuan dynasty in ChinaAlso Known As:  Kubla, KhubilaiBorn:  September 23, 1215 in MongoliaParents: Tolui and SorkhotaniDied:  February 18, 1294 in Khanbaliq (modern-day Beijing, China)Education: UnknownSpouse(s): Tegulen, Chabi of the Khonigirad, Nambui  Children: Dorji, Zhenjin, Manggala, Nomukhan, Khutugh-beki, and many others Early Life Although Kublai Khan was the grandson of Genghis Khan, very little is known about his childhood. We do know that Kublai was born in 1215 to Tolui (the youngest son of Genghis) and his wife Sorkhotani, a Nestorian Christian princess of the Kereyid Confederacy. Kublai was the couples fourth son. Sorkhotani was famously ambitious for her sons  and raised them to be leaders of the Mongol Empire, despite their alcoholic and fairly ineffectual father. Sorkhotanis political savvy was legendary; Rashid al-Din of Persia noted that she was extremely intelligent and able and towered above all the women in the world. With their mothers support and influence, Kublai and his brothers would go on to take control of the Mongol world from their uncles and cousins. Kublais brothers included Mongke, later also Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, and Hulagu, Khan of the Ilkhanate in the Middle East who crushed the Assassins but was fought to a standstill at Ayn Jalut by the Egyptian Mamluks. From an early age, Kublai proved adept at traditional Mongol pursuits. At 9, he had his first recorded hunting success and he would relish hunting for the rest of his life. He also excelled at conquest, the other Mongolian sport of the day. Gathering Power In 1236, Kublais uncle Ogedei Khan granted the young man a fiefdom of 10,000 households in Hebei Province, northern China. Kublai did not administer the region directly, allowing his Mongol agents a free hand. They imposed such high taxes on the Chinese peasants that many fled their land. At last, Kublai took a direct interest and halted abuses, so that the population grew once more. When Kublais brother Mongke became Great Khan in 1251, he named Kublai Viceroy of Northern China. Two years later, Kublai struck deep into southwest China, in what would be a three-year campaign to pacify Yunnan, the Sichuan region, and the Kingdom of Dali. In a sign of his growing attachment to China and Chinese customs, Kublai ordered his advisors to select a site for a new capital based on feng shui. They chose a spot on the frontier between Chinas agricultural lands and the Mongolian steppe; Kublais new northern capital was called Shang-tu (Upper Capital), which Europeans later interpreted as Xanadu. Kublai was at war in Sichuan once again in 1259, when he learned that his brother Mongke had died. Kublai did not immediately withdraw from Sichuan upon Mongke Khans death, leaving his younger brother Arik Boke time to gather troops and convene a kuriltai, or selecting council, in Karakhoram, the Mongol capital. The kuriltai named Arik Boke as the new Great Khan, but Kublai and his brother Hulagu disputed the result and held their own kuriltai, which named Kublai the Great Khan. This dispute touched off a civil war. Kublai, the Great Khan Kublais troops destroyed the Mongol capital at Karakhoram, but Arik Bokes army continued fighting. It was not until August 21, 1264, that Arik Boke finally surrendered to his older brother at Shang-tu. As Great Khan, Kublai Khan had direct control over the Mongol homeland and Mongol possessions in China. He was also the head of the larger Mongol Empire, with a measure of authority over the leaders of the Golden Horde in Russia, the Ilkhanates in the Middle East, and the other hordes. Although Kublai exerted power over much of Eurasia, opponents to Mongol rule still held out in nearby southern China. He needed to conquer this region once and for all and unite the land. Conquest of Song China In a program to win Chinese allegiance, Kublai Khan converted to Buddhism, moved his main capital from Shang-du to Dadu (modern-day Beijing), and named his dynasty in China Dai Yuan in 1271. Naturally, this prompted charges that he was abandoning his Mongol heritage and sparked riots in Karakhoram. Nevertheless, this tactic was successful. In 1276, most of the Song imperial family formally surrendered to Kublai Khan, yielding their royal seal to him, but this was not the end of resistance. Led by the Empress Dowager, loyalists continued to fight until 1279, when the Battle of Yamen marked the final conquest of Song China. As Mongol forces surrounded the palace, a Song official jumped into the ocean carrying the 8-year-old Chinese emperor, and both drowned. Kublai Khan as Yuan Emperor Kublai Khan came to power through strength of arms, but his reign also featured advancements in political organization and the arts and sciences. The first Yuan Emperor organized his bureaucracy based on the traditional Mongol ordu or court system, but also adopted many aspects of Chinese administrative practice. It was a shrewd decision since he had only tens of thousands of Mongols with him, and they had to rule millions of Chinese. Kublai Khan also employed large numbers of Chinese officials and advisors. New artistic styles flourished as Kublai Khan sponsored a melding of Chinese and Tibetan Buddhism. He also issued paper currency that was good throughout China and was backed by gold reserves. The emperor patronized astronomers and clockmakers  and hired a monk to create a written language for some of Western Chinas non-literate languages. Visit of Marco Polo From a European perspective, one of the most important events in Kublai Khans reign was the 20-year sojourn in China by Marco Polo, along with his father and uncle. To the Mongols, however, this interaction was simply an amusing footnote. Marcos father and uncle had previously visited Kublai Khan  and were returning in 1271 to deliver a letter from the Pope and some oil from Jerusalem to the Mongol ruler. The Venetian merchants brought along the 16-year-old Marco, who was gifted in languages. After an overland journey of three and a half years, the Polos reached Shang-du. Marco likely served as a court functionary of some sort. Although the family asked permission to return to Venice several times over the years, Kublai Khan denied their requests. Finally, in 1292, they were allowed to return along with the wedding cortege of a Mongol princess, who was sent to Persia to marry one of the Ilkhans. The wedding party sailed the Indian Ocean trade routes, a voyage that took two years and introduced Marco Polo to what is now Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and India. Marco Polos vivid descriptions of his Asian travels, as told to a friend, inspired many other Europeans to seek wealth and exotic experiences in the Far East. However, it is important not to overstate his influence; trade along the Silk Road was in full flow long before his travelogue was published. Kublai Khans Invasions and Blunders Although he ruled the worlds richest empire in Yuan China, as well as the second-largest land empire ever, Kublai Khan was not content. He grew obsessed with further conquest in East and Southeast Asia. Kublais land-based attacks on Burma, Annam (northern Vietnam), Sakhalin, and Champa (southern Vietnam) were all nominally successful. Each of these countries became tributary states of Yuan China, but the tribute they submitted did not even begin to pay for the cost of conquering them. Even more ill-advised were Kublai Khans sea-borne invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281, as well as the 1293 invasion of Java (now in Indonesia). The defeats of these armadas seemed to some of Kublai Khans subjects as a sign that he had lost the Mandate of Heaven. Death In 1281, Kublai Khans favorite wife and close companion Chabi died. This sad event was followed in 1285 by the death of Zhenjin, the Great Khans oldest son and heir apparent. With these losses, the Kublai Khan began to withdraw from the  administration of his empire. Kublai Khan tried to drown his sorrow with alcohol and luxurious food. He grew quite obese and developed gout. After a long decline, he died on February 18, 1294. He was buried in secret burial grounds in Mongolia. Kublai Khans Legacy The Great Khan was succeeded by his grandson Temur Khan, the son of Zhenjin. Kublais daughter Khutugh-beki married King Chungnyeol of Goryeo and became Queen of Korea as well. In Europe, Khans empire prompted wild flights of fancy from the time of  Marco Polos  expedition. His name may be most remembered in western countries today from the poem Kubla Khan, written by Samuel Coleridge in 1797. More importantly, Kublai Khans reign had an enormous impact on Asian history. He is regarded as one of the greatest rulers in history. He had reunited China after centuries of division and strife and ruled with shrewdness. Although the Yuan Dynasty lasted only until 1368, it served as a precedent for the later ethnic-Manchu Qing Dynasty. Sources Polo, Marco, Hugh Murray Giovanni Battista Baldelli Boni. The Travels of Marco Polo, New York: Harper Brothers, 1845.Rossabi, Morris. Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.